Sonnet 43 - 1462 Words

Sonnet 43 (Sonnets From the Portuguese) BY Elizabeth Barrett Browning How do I love thee? Let me count the ways. I love thee to the depth and breadth and height My soul can reach, when feeling out of sight For the ends of Being and ideal Grace. I love thee to the level of every day’s Most quiet need, by sun and candle-light. I love thee freely, as men strive for right; I love thee purely, as they turn from praise, I love thee with the passion put to use In my old griefs, and with my childhood’s faith. I love thee with a love I seemed to lose With my lost saints –I love thee with the breath, Smiles, tears, of all my life! –and, if God choose, I shall but love thee better after death. Criticism Brent Goodman is a†¦show more content†¦In lines where she’s comparing her love to the most domestic or common events of day-to-day living, as in the first line of the second stanza, the rhythm matches this plain or common mood, only slightly deviating from strict meter, â€Å"I LOVE thee TO the LEVel of EVery DAY’s†¦Ã¢â‚¬  On the other hand, as she moves on in the poem, and her voice gets more and more passionate as she continues to develop her list of ways she loves her husband, she builds each line’s rhythm to match this mood. By the time we reach the final stanza, her lines find a rhythm of their own, almost completely ignoring traditional form â€Å"WITH my LOST SAINTS – I LOVE THEE with the BREATH,/SMILES, TEARS of ALL my LIFE!† Another set structure for sonnets is how each line ends. Traditionally, each line ends with punctuation, a period, comma or otherwise to create a pause and contain a complete thought. Lines which end this way are called end-stopped. Reading through â€Å"Sonnet 43†, we notice that five of the 14 lines do not end with a set pause; rather, they are enjambed. Enjambed means to carry over; this term describes how one line flows into the next without hesitation. To try to understand what Barrett Browning’s intentions might be for this move away from traditional form, it is useful again to notice what the mood of the poem is where she breaks the rules. In the first stanza, as she begins to â€Å"count the ways,† the ways sheShow MoreRelatedCompare Hour and Sonnet 431410 Words   |  6 PagesHigher English Paper Section A – Question 7 â€Å"Hour compared with Sonnet 43† Both poems are about love. Hour presents love as being times enemy, whereas, Sonnet 43 presents love as absolute and unconditional. Both poets see love as being precious and worth more than life itself. Barrett Browning shows love as lasting forever, but Duffy feels that love can’t last forever. Sonnet 43 is an old fashioned poem; you can see this from the form. It uses iambic pentameter which creates the feeling ofRead MoreSonnet 43 Analysis1483 Words   |  6 Pages‘Sonnet 43’ is a romantic poem, written by Elizabeth Barrett Browning. In the poem she is trying to describe the abstract feeling of love by measuring how much her love means to her. She also expresses all the different ways of loving someone and she tells us about her thoughts around her beloved. The tone of the poem is deep, in a loving way. The poet starts of by saying â€Å"How do I love thee? Let me count the ways,† by which she starts of with a rhetorical question, because there is no ‘reason’Read MoreCompare the Ways Love Is Presented in Sonnet 43 and Ghazal1292 Words   |  6 PagesCompare the way love is presented in ‘Sonnet 43’ and ‘Ghazal’ Both poems, Sonnet 43 and Ghazal convey emotions and passionate feelings of love in different ways. Sonnets and Ghazals are poem that are meant to express strong feelings of love. Khalvati and Barrett Browning chose them to illustrate their loving feelings to their lovers. Barrett Browning does not correctly carry out all the rules of Sonnets in her poem which gives an effect that she would do anything for her lover and that thereRead MoreLove In Sonnet 431089 Words   |  5 PagesCompare the methods the poets use to explore the ideas about love in ‘Sonnet 43’ and ‘Sonnet 116’ In ‘Sonnet 43’ and ‘Sonnet 116’, both Browning and Shakespeare present love as eternal using biblical allusion. ‘Sonnet 43’ is a love letter to the speaker, who is the poet (Elizabeth Barrett Browning) to her beloved. The title suggests that this is her 43rd declaration of her love to her beloved which shows that the love she has for her beloved is so intense, that it inspired her to write numerous poemsRead MoreSonnet 43 : How Do I Love Thee804 Words   |  4 PagesHeidi Fish Mrs. Holthaus Advanced Comp. 6 October 2017 Sonnet 43: How Do I Love Thee? â€Å"How Do I Love Thee?† is just one of the many love poems that Elizabeth Browning had written in her lifetime. It expresses the unconditional love she has for her husband by listing the many ways she loves thee. Browning lists these ways by using a sonnet layout, many metaphors, and daily situations. There are many different poetry forms, one being a sonnet. It originates from the Italian word ‘sonetto’, whichRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1205 Words   |  5 Pagesrole in both poems. The fearful passage of their death-mark d love [†¦] Is now the two hours traffic of our stage this is from the prologue line 9 and 12 this is telling us they are conscious from the start they are heading near death. In ‘Sonnet 43’ and ‘Romeo and Juliet’ love is presented very religiously as it plays a fundamental part in both poems. This is shown by using religious links an example of this is clearly shown in Act 2. Scene 2 in which Romeo says â€Å"messenger of heaven† lookingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Le Regrets 1747 Words   |  7 PagesJoachim Du Bellay’s ‘Le Regrets’ is a collection of sonnets with diverse messages but with an underlying theme of missing France, his home country. From the onset, it is important to state that the sonnet originated from Italy. Bellay had gone to Italy partly because of his fascination with this form of poetry but after a short stay, he began longing for France. His poems express this longing. He uses poems to show exasperation and disappointment with Italy for failing to live up to the hype. AsRead MoreThe Comparison of Two Love Poems634 Words   |  3 Pagesfirst person, the speaker is more defined l eading the reader to believe it is a she who is talking about love in the past tense. Both poems are sonnets written with fourteen lines, and written in Italian style. When comparing these poems we will be looking at the use of rhyme scheme and metaphors and how they were used to express emotions in these two sonnet poems. One of the most used love poems would have to be, â€Å"How Do I Love Thee?† by Elizabeth Barrett Browning. It has been recited at many weddingsRead MoreAnalysis of Petrachs Poetry: a Translation of Italian Poem Rime 1401561 Words   |  7 Pagesunder a wide variety of definitions and uses, even being dismissed as nineteenth-century romantic fiction. Its interpretation, origins and influences continue to be a matter of critical debate. Stages of courtly love (Adapted from Barbara Tuchman[43]) * Attraction to the lady, usually via eyes/glance * Worship of the lady from afar * Declaration of passionate devotion * Virtuous rejection by the lady * Renewed wooing with oaths of virtue and eternal fealty * Moans of approachingRead MoreCompare How the Theme of Love Is Presented in a Selection of Pre-1914 Poetry7665 Words   |  31 Pagesto an interpretation that his is all a dream due to the fact that Keats could be illustrating the nature of the folk ballad which is sung by only one person. ‘Remember’ and ‘Shall I Compare Thee’ are both sonnets which convey intense emotion within stylistic and thematic constraints of the sonnet form. This, in turn, intensifies the emotion. Both have regular rhyme, scheme and beat. The tone of ‘La Belle Dame Sans Merci’ and ‘Porphyria’s Lover’ both vary dramatically, ‘La Belle Dame Sans Merci’

Uncommon Article Gives You the Facts on Term Papers Writing Services That Only a Few People Know Exist

Uncommon Article Gives You the Facts on Term Papers Writing Services That Only a Few People Know Exist Term Papers Writing Services - the Story If you desire writers of papers that are committed and who will assist you with quality papers, speak to our company which will offer you custom paper writer. You may now quit panicking as our paper writers are also there to aid you to finish your assignment in time. For instance, the paper writers aren't able to compose academic papers using MLA and Chicago. Our institution's paper writers can write all sorts of custom papers from scratch because they are highly creative and skilled. The qualification of a paper writer is set by several things. Thus, the paper writer should have additional skills to increase preventability of the paper. The expression paper writer should know firstly the proper way of writing the paper. Our essay paper writer will allow you to satisfy any deadline however impossible it may appear to you. Term paper writing can cause a lot of tension and headache. Writing a non-plagiarised term paper is a hard undertaking. You've got to compose several academic papers over the duration of a year. Finally, pre-written term papers are just unethical and immoral. When you purchase our write my term paper services that you receive papers which were written from scratch to guarantee originality. Delivering custom term papers isn't that easy. Finding somewhere to order it may be difficult. Come to us when you require a personalized paper whether it's an academic or non academic paper and you'll discover an excellent paper written through an excellent papers writer. If you wish to make an order with a specific company, you can get in touch with the help desk to begin with to observe how they respond. In such situations, it's rather natural to check through various sites and choose one or two that you feel are the very best. As any other students, you're probably going to choose the service that provides low rates and wonderful discounts. There are a great deal of online writing services out there, and it would not be possible to cover all them here. The Little-Known Secrets to Term Papers Writing Services The custom writing company ough t to have an internet system. Since you may have already guessed, it isn't that easy to locate a cheap customized term paper writing service out there. So, you may rest assured your term paper service is going to be delivered by means of a pro. Indeed, a term paper service is simply like its writers, and that means you will need to locate a high quality service. The topic you select for your technology papers ought to be interesting and ought to concentrate on your field of interest. If you are searching for a term paper help, you desire an expert researcher who knows the way to meet all the needs of your institution. There are different kinds of technology papers. Term papers are a sort of research papers in which they will learn to do research on a particular topic, what headings ought to be included in the term papers in line with the topic and the way the findings of a research paper can be interpreted by the students. Experienced term paper writers are affordable and t hey're able to help you acquire the information that you will need for your topic. If you have opted to get started writing all on your own, you always have the option to order term paper editing services at our site. Thus, in the event you google write my term paper for me and our website is what you've found, then you're on a suitable track, and we are here in order to cover your back. A theatre term paper has to be written in an official style, in the very first person A short and intriguing title should be set on top, enables to deliver the entire significance of the expression paper issue. The Basic Facts of Term Papers Writing Services Writing a high school paper is not a tough task. It is a useful skill to have, but it's not mandatory for all professions. Term papers are now an essential portion of the curriculum either it's a school level, college level or university level. A Secret Weapon for Term Papers Writing Services The expression paper writing must be accomp lished with a step-by-step procedure and before hand work about this issue. In addition, it is irrelevant if you are searching for the professional resume writing services or research paper writers you're going to be able to locate all information you have to make the right choice at a single location. If you're just like me and seem to get started working on the expression paper a couple of days before the deadline, you will adore the guide. Thus the very first and best thing you want to think about while selecting a term paper writing service is make sure the website has an excellent reputation within the writing industry.

Nuclear Waste Dump Facility In Australia

Question: Describe about Nuclear waste dump in Australia, nuclear waste management crises in France, WIPP new Mexico USA. Answer: Introduction Simply put, nuclear energy is the production of power through the process of splitting atoms where the energy produced in the process is used to heat and boil water that turns turbines for electricity generation. The nuclear technology utilises the energy emitted by splitting atoms of specific kind elements. The first instances of the technology were developed in the 1940's when countries were particularly in the quest for atomic bombs. However, the bomb run came to a halt with the world war two in 1945 after the historic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan. However in the early 50's the nuclear competition shifted to the peaceful purposes of nuclear fission categorically for electric power generation. Nuclear energy is today among the world's most promising and sustainable sources of power. Production of this form of energy involves two kinds of processes: Fission is the breakdown or splitting of large atoms into two and is accompanied by the release of an enormous amount of energy. Among the elements used in atomic splitting include Uranium and Plutonium among other radioactive elements. Virtually all commercial nuclear power generating plants in operation in the world today use the fission technique to produce heat which is converted into electricity. The second process in which energy can be created is known as nuclear fusion. Fusion is the process of merging of two-minute atoms such as Hydrogen or Helium to produce heavier particles and massive heat energy in the end. It is established by scientist that nuclear fusion can result to huge amounts of energy as compared to fission. However, economically viable methods of power generation through nuclear fusion have not yet been established by the scientific fraternity though a lot of research is underway. When proven viable, the world energy scene could potentially be levelled and get complete disruption. The world boasts over four hundred nuclear power reactors in the world today with almost a hundred concentrated in the United States of America. These plants are such attractive to the host countries as they produce base load electricity twenty-four hours a day seven day a week without the release of environmentally hazardous contents including the mush fated carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Nuclear technology has undergone many enhancements since its infant days making it possible for the world at the moment to generate more electricity from nuclear energy than it did from all other sources combined during the early days of the technology, although the result is due to the rising demand for energy worldwide. Civil nuclear power currently possesses over 16,500 reactor years of know-how and equipment which is almost 12 percent of global electricity needs. Many countries in the world are building research centres for nuclear reactors to give a basis of neutron beams for scientific research and the creation of medical and industrial isotopes. As it stands in the world, there are eight nations that are known to have the nuclear weapons capability while fifty-six nations have approximately two hundred and forty public research reactors and interestingly more than 30 percent of this countries are developing economies. Globally thirty-one countries are hosting around four hundred and forty commercial nuclear power reactors with a total installed capacity of more than 380,000 MWe ( World Nuclear Association, 2016). There are also approximately sixty-five more nuclear power reactors are in the building which in their completion it's expected to inject roughly eighteen percent of the current capacity. There also around one hundred and fifty in advanced planning stages in various states globally which when completed will factor in about half of today's global capacity. However, a counterbalance comes in since with nuclear power reactors; there is a specific number of years that it can operate and hence while new ones are springing worldwide the old ones are retiring from service. Nevertheless, nuclear power reactors in use today result in the creation of radioactive nuclear waste which requires extreme caution in handling and storage. During the fission process of splitting atoms to discharge power, the smaller fragments that are left back often remain in excited states. In this state the small particles emanate dynamic elements that can potentially harm flora and fauna. This nuclear waste must hence be managed and kept out of the environment for the longest time possible, possibly hundreds and thousands of years, for this particle to lose most of their radioactive properties. Engineering systems to stay apt for that long is a daunting engineering and design task. The idea of the Australian government to take the initiative to create a nuclear waste dumping site for the world is what categorically forms the fundamentals of this article. Nuclear Waste Dump In Australia The project is a cash cow that could put millions into South Australias Treasury but now with the suggestion of the construction a nuclear waste deposit in the state fast gaining grip, the question remains whether the move will ever be safe. Regrettably this has yet to be established. The biggest dilemma this far has been public resistance to any plans for long-term storage amenities of high-level nuclear waste(chang, 2016). No country in history has fruitfully built a long term nuclear storage facility in the history of nuclear power generation. The shift astonished many because South Australia leads nationally in renewable energy production and also because uranium prices and extraction had plunged after the Fukushima crisis (Campbel, 2011). A commission led by ex-state Governor Kevin Scarce was given the task of groping development preferences in the range of uranium extraction, extended uranium processing, domestic nuclear power and the custody sophisticated radioactive waste management facility. The imperial commission noted the primary emanating from the creation of an industry accumulating the world's second-hand fuel rods was the emanation of radiation into the natural environment, as well as the segments left behind discharging radiation which could be gasped or ingested by persons and other living organisms. The formed commission claimed that Finland and Sweden had both created safe amenities for the durable dumping of nuclear waste (Karp, 2016). They further explicate that perils could be moderated by keeping the waste in solid form in geologically stable areas, and some layers of wrapping and containers to avoid the waste from polluting groundwater. However, Finland has led the world to issue a building license for a permanent underground nuclear waste storage facility. According to reuters news, the commissions information is contradictory given that the project was just given a go ahead to commence the construction (Anon, 2016). The Posiva Oy's project in Olkiluoto Island in Western Finland is expected to begin operations by 2023. According to the leader of the project, Janne Mokka, the project to be undertaken is based on the research carried for forty years. Clearly, being the pioneering project, it is not right for the commission to site the project as an example. Sweden has such plans, but according to Posiva, it is a few years at the back of Finland further explaining the reason why it might not be the safest idea for Australia to jump into the boat yet. Furthermore, Finland deep geological burial sites are running on high costs and sophistication. Following more than seventy years of commercial nuclear power processes, no country on earth has an ultimate dumping site for mixed waste and the segment is scattered with futile ventures, timeline holdups and enormous cost overruns. Globally, radioactive waste management is a mounting and unsettled management issue and environmental problem. One thing the South Australian state should think about is the fact that if nuclear waste management was so clear-cut or money-spinning venture, then it could have been done by nations like France and the US which have the largest nuclear production facilities in the world (Nowlin, 2016). To make the situations even more complicated, we as a nation have narrow nuclear industry know-how and infrastructure and we run short of the authoritarian structure to deal with such waste. Furthermore, a couple of state and federal laws explicitly prohibit such actions with no bipartisan political backing in a profoundly dubious and disputed Australian civic field(Rani et al. ,2016). Australias miserable track record in regards to the administration of our humble accumulation of radioactive waste wants to add more doubts for the confidence in the global aspiration. Nuclear waste management crises in France French's nuclear industry commenced its nuclear power production roughly five decades ago. Ever since the beginning, the supervision of nuclear waste has been fundamentally neglected due to the complexity of the handling process and limited technology. To date massive amounts of waste linger in the unconditioned and unsteady state, records of historical disposal location are missing or varnished. Among the world's largest disposal sites near the La Hague reprocessing place is seeping out into the underground water. Clear evidence is rising that a newly constructed nuclear dumpsite in the Champagne region of France is also seeping out radioactive elements into the ground water. The French nuclear waste authority ANDRA has a little record of the vast numbers of popular waste categories and its feared that many haven't been acknowledged by the Chief waste producers EDF and Cogema. It's also a rising worry even to the French due the states at both disposal sites(Hatch, 2015). WIPP New Mexico USA The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) in New Mexico, USA, is a placement location for long-standing mid level waste from the America's nuclear weapons agenda. The plant contains approximately 171,000 waste facilities that are secured in salt caverns six hundred and forty metres below the ground. In 2014 February the facility, which is considered as high-level got a major setback after an explosion occurred to one of the barrels seriously compromising the integrity of the installation. The contaminants are feared to have extended through the 3000 feet channels through the ducts into the environment and atmosphere (Thakur 2016). The accident led to twenty-two employees on site receiving low-level interior radiation contact. It is believed a chemical reaction was triggered between nitrate salts and organic waste used as an absorbent produced adequate heat levels to melt fasteners on at least one drums. However, research on the same have failed to make a replica of the chemical reaction that took place in that fateful event. Hundreds of such drums are still packed within the location resulting to questions whether these deep geological dump sites are any safer or just a time bomb waiting to explode into humanity and the general ecosystem (Thakur et al. 2015). Conclusions From a political stand view, the idea of placing a nuclear dumpsite may appear as a very lucrative move. However, politicians and other stakeholders pushing on the matter should critically analyse the situation and learn from other events before putting up with the idea. It sounds absurd that a country with infinitesimal knowledge in a subject is so confident to take a global challenge. I agree that ambition and confidence pays, however embracing nuclear the nuclear dumpsite idea sounds rather like Australian masses knocking on heaven doors. The whole thought should fast be put to a halt to allow the fast runners to make their move quickly, after all, they got the brains behind the entire project. It's imperative for Australia to focus on what we know best-mining uranium. References Anon, (2016). . Campbell, R., 2011. Fukushima Nuclear Crisis. DIANE Publishing. Hatch, M.T., 2015. Politics and nuclear power: Energy policy in Western Europe. University Press of Kentucky. Karp, P. (2016). Inquiry backs plan to store world's nuclear waste in outback Australia. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/feb/15/inquiry-backs-nuclear-waste-dumps-for-outback-australia [Accessed 23 May 2016]. NewsComAu. (2016). Why small errors can mean big nuclear problems. [online] Available at: https://www.news.com.au/technology/science/eric-schlosser-exposes-our-nuclear-delusions-at-festival-of-dangerous-ideas/news-story/8c07f4215ba3aeebbecda332b40889fa [Accessed 23 May 2016]. Nowlin, MC 2016, 'Policy Change, Policy Feedback, and Interest Mobilization: The Politics of Nuclear Waste Management', Review Of Policy Research, 33, 1, pp. 51-70, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 23 May 2016. Poppiti, J. and Sheffield, R., 2016. Investigation of an Accidental Radiological Release in an Underground Disposal Facility. Health physics, 110(2), pp.S39-S47. Rani, N, Shrivastava, J, Bajpai, R 2016, 'Long-term performance assessment of nuclear waste and natural glasses in the geological repository: a geochemical modelling', Current Science (00113891), 110, 2, pp. 214-219, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 23 May 2016. Thakur, P., 2016. Source term estimation and the isotopic ratio of radioactive material released from the WIPP repository in New Mexico, USA. Journal of environmental radioactivity, 151, pp.193-203. Thakur, P., Lemons, B.G., Ballard, S. and Hardy, R., 2015. Environmental and health impacts of February 14, 2014, radiation release from the nation's only deep geologic nuclear waste repository. Journal of environmental radioactivity, 146, pp.6-15.

Royal Air Force Essay Example

Royal Air Force Paper This quote from Bennis (cited in Hooper Potter 2000) goes to the heart of the current debate about Leadership and explains, in part, why so many people are discovering that it is difficult to be an effective leader. There are numerous leadership models espoused by various individuals and organisations, from politicians to academics, multi-national conglomerates to military organisations. They have various threads that inter-weave and draw from each other, quite often overlapping, all have there limitations and criticisms. The Transformational Leadership Model is just one of them, which developed over a period, within a cohesive environment, not in isolation. Therefore, as will be identified throughout this essay there are strands of transformational leadership in numerous leadership models. Initially, transformational leadership will be defined and then compared against Bass Full Range Leadership Model, this will then be followed by an introduction into military leadership before analysing the Royal Air Forces current leadership attributes against the tenets of transformational leadership. Indeed, whilst the RAFs leadership attributes are fairly recent in their publication, 2007, we will ask ourselves whether previous generations of leaders have displayed the qualities of a transformational leader. For this purpose, an example of an excellent strategic RAF Leader, Air Chief Marshall Sir Arthur Bomber Harris will be evaluated against the Transformational Leadership Model. The first question to answer then is, what is transformational leadership? We will write a custom essay sample on Royal Air Force specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Royal Air Force specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Royal Air Force specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Burns (1978) proposed that transformational leadership is a relationship of shared stimulation and elevation that converts followers into leaders and may convert leaders into moral agents. Burns concepts were further developed by Bass and Avolio (1994) who suggested that the transactional leader recognises and exploits an existing need or demand of a potential follower (Bass 1998), however, beyond that, the transformational leader looks for potential motives in followers, seeks to satisfy higher needs and engages the full person of the follower. According to Saddler (1997) Transformational Leadership is the process of engaging the commitment of employees in the context of shared values and shared vision that is linked to trust and, according to Bass and Avolio (1990) and Bass (1998), the four tenets of Transformational Leadership are: a. Idealised Influence. The power of a person to have intense effects on a group of followers and is characterised by self-confidence, even when things are going awry, self-determination and an ability to inspire loyalty or as stated by Northouse (1997) provide followers with a vision and a sense of mission. This might otherwise be termed charisma, which brings it close to the traits concept of leadership1. b. Inspirational Motivation. The ability through the leaders actions to lift people beyond their own expectations. It rouses followers to deliver extra effort and inspires a belief in the cause. It creates and communicates a compelling vision of what is required and builds commitment. c. Individualised Consideration. This is the consideration for others that transformational leaders show, in particular, towards their development. This factor is also marked by a willingness to listen, the readiness to delegate and the ability to appreciate a job well done. d. Intellectual Stimulation. Followers are stimulated to think about their own situation and to assess their values and beliefs. They become aware of problems and involved in their own solutions. The paradigm stresses empowerment, with the dominant interest of the leader being to establish the correct climate and support structures so that individuals can achieve organisational goals. In the mid-1980s, Bass expanded and refined the work of Burns (1978) and House (1971) by focussing on the emotional components and origins of charisma, suggesting that charisma is a necessary, but not sufficient requirement for transformational leadership. Bass expanded on his own work in 1990, joining with Avolio in 1994 to combine the transactional, transformational, and non-leadership factors to provide the Full Range Leadership Model (Northouse 1997). This model is the cornerstone of the post-industrial school of leadership (Rost 1993). The non-leadership factor in the model is the laissez-faire (LF) approach, and represents the lack of leadership. The transactional leadership component entails three factors: contingent reward (CR), management-by-exception passive (MBE-P), and management-by-exception active (MBE-A). The CR style is where the leader gains accord regarding accepted performance standards and then provides suitable rewards when the standards are achieved. This provides a strong incentive to followers and is reasonably effective. MBE refers to leadership concerning corrective criticism, negative feedback, and negative reinforcement. MBE-P involves the leader waiting until errors, shortfalls and failures become obvious, then reacting to them. MBE-A involves actively seeking indications of poor performance and taking corrective measures (Bass Avolio 1994). This model is not without its critics. Bolden et al (2004) argued that the concepts of Transactional Leadership (fostered on reciprocity) and Transformational Leadership (concerned with hearts and minds) are ambiguous and ill constructed. Ciulla (1998) pointed out that Burns would find it difficult to accept Hitler as a leader because his theory of transformational leadership is clearly a prescriptive one about the nature of morally good leadership supports his view. In contrast, if one considers Bass (1985) definition of transformational leadership, Hitler clearly qualifies. Therefore, given the discord between the theorists it is hardly surprising that those who are exercised with the practicalities of transformational leadership are finding it difficult. An underlying premise of this leadership theory is that different styles of leadership exist simultaneously within the same individual (Bass, 1985). However, numerous studies (Lowe and Gardner, 2000) demonstrating the impact of these styles of leadership on the attitudes and behaviours of employees have dismissed this proposition and focused solely on the separate effect of each of these styles (Lowe, Kroeck Sivasubramaniam, 1996). Having discussed and critiqued transformational leadership, the next stage is to identify Military Leadership and how it is applied in the RAF. The Defence Leadership Centre (2003) identifies Military Leadership as the projection of personality and character to inspire soldiers, sailors, marines and airmen to carry out what is required of them and more. Proficiency in the techniques of leadership is the foremost quality in the skill of command and contributes significantly to operational accomplishment. There is no prescription of leadership and no prearranged style of leader. Military Leadership is a combination of example, influence and compulsion dependent upon the situation. It is transformational in approach and underpinned by the ethos of Mission Command2 and a balance of military attributes, which will be discussed further later. Successful military leaders are individuals who understand themselves, the organisation, the environment in which they operate and the people that they are privileged to lead, considerable similarities with transformational leadership. Furthermore, Mission Command is split into three levels, Strategic, Operational and Tactical (or Team). This is best explained by viewing the below model. In this model, Strategic Leadership refers to leading a whole organisation with overall accountability for the other 2 levels. At this level, leadership is primarily concerned with vision, purpose or mission, alignment, values and communication. Operational Leadership defined as leading a number of teams, leadership is concerned with the implementation of strategy and issues such as enabling success through the determination of appropriate structures and creation of a climate for success. Tactical (or Team) Leadership refers to leading a single unit and requires the leader to balance the needs of the task, the team and the individual as described by the Functional Leadership model (Adair 1983), which has been the basis of the RAFs leadership training for the last thirty years. These attributes are not exclusive to each the level of leadership to which they are appointed in the model, rather that the relative importance of those attributes changes in relation to the leadership context. Adairs (1983) model is not the only model currently being studied by the RAF Leadership Training Centre, others include, the Tannenbaum Schmitt (1958) model of autocratic and democratic styles; the Mouton-Blake Grid (1964); the Hersey-Blanchard Situational Leadership model (1988); the Ashridge Management/Leadership model (Wynn Guditus 1984) and the Bass and Avolio Full Range Leadership model (Bass Avolio 1994). The later of which is gaining significant interest as the RAF goes through a period of change and transformation. The Functional Approach to Leadership is utilised by the lower echelons of the RAF. This practical model shows what it is that a leader should be doing. Few, if any, other models do this. The three circles of the Functional Approach vary in size (or importance) depending on circumstance, for example, the task can become overwhelmingly big on operations at times but at others if the team and Individual are not attended to and take precedence over the task, the people will be lost to the leader. Within the circles many other leadership models can be accommodated, such as transformational leadership, when a leader considers how to deal with task, team or individual.